Under what circumstances can members use ECD on a suspect?

The use of an Electronic Control Device (ECD) is justified primarily in situations where an individual poses an imminent threat of serious harm either to officers, other individuals, or during situations where resistance includes physical aggression. The correct answer highlights that an ECD may be deployed when a suspect is actively assaulting officers or others, as this signifies an immediate and active threat requiring a swift response to safeguard the safety of all involved.

In contrast, the other scenarios provided do not always warrant the immediate use of ECDs. For instance, simply being non-compliant does not necessarily indicate a threat to safety; it may involve a suspect’s refusal to cooperate without any aggressive actions. Similarly, a suspect fleeing may not pose an immediate threat, and utilizing an ECD in such situations could be considered excessive force unless there are other factors at play, such as a crime in progress or danger to others. Lastly, verbal threats alone, unless accompanied by a demonstration of intent or capability to cause harm, typically do not reach the threshold that justifies the use of ECDs. Thus, the criteria outlined in the correct answer are key to ensuring that force is applied appropriately and responsibly.